WHAT IS CONSTRUCTOR IN JAVA ?

 In object-oriented programming, a constructor is a special type of method that is automatically called when an object of a class is created. Its primary purpose is to initialize the newly created object. Constructors are defined within a class and have the same name as the class itself.

Here are some key points about constructors:

1. Initialization: Constructors are used to initialize the instance variables (or properties) of an object. When a new object is created, the constructor is called to set up the initial state of the object.

2. Same Name as Class: Constructors have the same name as the class they belong to. This allows the compiler to identify that a particular method is a constructor and not a regular method.

3. No Return Type: Constructors do not have a return type, not even `void`. They are automatically called when an object is instantiated and do not return any value.

4. Overloading: Like regular methods, constructors can be overloaded. This means a class can have multiple constructors with different parameter lists. When you create an object, you can call the constructor that matches the arguments you want to pass.

   For example:

   public class MyClass {

       private int value;

       // Default constructor (no parameters)

       public MyClass() {

           value = 0;

       }

       // Parameterized constructor

       public MyClass(int v) {

           value = v;

       }

   }

   ```

5. Implicit Default Constructor:  If you don't define any constructors in your class, Java provides a default constructor with no arguments. This default constructor initializes member variables to their default values (e.g., numeric types to 0, objects to `null`).

6. Chaining Constructors (Java 8 and later):Starting from Java 8, you can use constructor chaining, where one constructor of a class can call another constructor of the same class using `this()` keyword. This allows for more flexibility in initializing objects.

   For example:

   public class MyClass {

       private int value;

       public MyClass() {

           this(0); // Calls the parameterized constructor with value 0

       }

       public MyClass(int v) {

           value = v;

       }

   }

   ```

Constructors are fundamental in object-oriented programming as they ensure that objects are properly initialized and ready for use as soon as they are created.